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Classical · Europe

Pericles

c. 495-429 BCERuler

Athenian statesman who led Athens’ golden age, expanded democracy, and sponsored the Parthenon building program.

Overview

Pericles was born around 495 BCE into the Alcmaeonid family, one of Athens's most prominent and controversial aristocratic clans. His mother was the niece of Cleisthenes, the reformer who had established Athenian democracy a generation earlier. Pericles was educated by the finest minds of his age, the philosopher Anaxagoras, the musician Damon, and entered politics young.

For over thirty years, from roughly 461 to 429 BCE, he dominated Athenian public life, elected strategos (general) year after year by citizens who trusted his judgment. Under his leadership, Athens transformed the Delian League, a defensive alliance against Persia, into an empire that funded the golden age. He used the tribute to rebuild the Acropolis, commissioning the Parthenon under his friend Phidias, creating monuments that declared Athens the school of Greece. He expanded citizenship pay so that poor Athenians could serve on juries and in the Assembly.

Pericles’s world, year by year

c. 495 BCEc. 429 BCE

Dated facts

Account · checked against Wikipedia Read the source

  1. 495 BCEPericles was born c. 495 BCE in Athens, son of the politician Xanthippus and Agariste of the Alcmaeonid family.
  2. 463 BCEIn 463 BCE he was the leading prosecutor of Cimon, and in 461 BCE he achieved Cimon's ostracism.
  3. 461 BCEHe led Athens as its preeminent orator, statesman and general (strategos) roughly from 461 to 429 BCE.
  4. 431 BCEHe led Athens in the first two years of the Peloponnesian War and delivered the Funeral Oration in the winter of 431–430 BCE.
  5. 429 BCEHe died in 429 BCE of the Plague of Athens, which also killed several members of his family.

Alive at the same time

Overlap Same years; not influence

Wars during this life

  • Greco-Persian Wars 499–449 BCE
  • Ionian Revolt 499–493 BCE
  • Sicilian Wars 480–307 BCE
  • Roman–Etruscan Wars 509–264 BCE
  • Warring States Period 475–221 BCE
  • Peloponnesian War 431–404 BCE

Primary works and follow-on reading.

  • Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy - Donald Kagan
  • The Peloponnesian War - Thucydides (trans. Steven Lattimore or Landmark)

Frequently asked questions about Pericles.

Who was Pericles?

Pericles was born around 495 BCE into the Alcmaeonid family, one of Athens's most prominent and controversial aristocratic clans. His mother was the niece of Cleisthenes, the reformer who had established Athenian democracy a generation earlier. Pericles was educated by the finest minds of his age, the philosopher Anaxagoras, the musician Damon, and entered politics young. For over thirty years, from roughly 461 to 429 BCE, he dominated Athenian public life, elected strategos (general) year after year by citizens who trusted his judgment. Under his leadership, Athens transformed the Delian League, a defensive alliance against Persia, into an empire that funded the golden age. He used the tribute to rebuild the Acropolis, commissioning the Parthenon under his friend Phidias, creating monuments that declared Athens the school of Greece. He expanded citizenship pay so that poor Athenians could serve on juries and in the Assembly.

What was Pericles best known for?

Pericles is best known as a ruler. Athenian statesman who led Athens’ golden age, expanded democracy, and sponsored the Parthenon building program.

When did Pericles live?

Pericles lived c. 495-429 BCE, born in -495 and died in -429, during the classical period.

Can I chat with an AI version of Pericles?

Yes, free. Anyone can ask Pericles, and a first question needs no account. Every answer is a Simulation in character, grounded in Pericles’s real life, work and era. A good first question is: "How do I get more people to participate in civic life instead of staying home?"

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What Pericles is best at.

  • Civic Design: Institutions, rituals, and public works
  • Democratic Strategy: Leading under debate and pressure

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“Pericles.” HistorIQly. https://historiqly.com/ai-historical-figures/pericles/

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