Biography
Overview
Thomas Alva Edison was born in 1847 in Milan, Ohio, the youngest of seven children. Scarlet fever in childhood left him increasingly deaf, a limitation he later claimed helped him concentrate. He began as a telegraph operator, learning the technology that would shape his early inventions: the stock ticker, the quadruplex telegraph that sent four messages simultaneously over a single wire.
In 1876, he established the world's first industrial research laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, an 'invention factory' where teams of craftsmen, machinists, and experimenters worked under his direction. The phonograph came first, astonishing the world in 1877 with a machine that recorded and replayed sound. Then came the electric light, not just the bulb, which required testing thousands of materials for filaments, but the entire system: generators, distribution networks, insulation, switches, meters. Edison understood that a bulb without infrastructure was worthless.
Edison’s world, year by year
18471931
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Dated facts
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- 1847Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio, and grew up in Port Huron, Michigan.
- 1876In 1876 he built a laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, the first industrial laboratory devoted to creating knowledge and applying it.
- 1877He first gained wide notice in 1877 with his invention of the phonograph.
- 1879On October 21, 1879, he devised a commercially viable electric light bulb.
- 1882On September 4, 1882, his Pearl Street generating station in New York City began supplying electric power.
- 1891In 1891 he built the Kinetoscope, a peep-hole viewer in which people could watch short, simple films.
- 1931He died on October 18, 1931, at Glenmont, his home in West Orange, New Jersey.
Alive at the same time
Overlap Same years; not influence
Wars during this life
- World War I
- Indian Frontier Campaigns
- Dutch–Aceh War
- Apache Wars
- Italian Wars of Unification
- Somaliland Campaign (Dervish War)
Sources
Primary works and follow-on reading.
Primary Sources
- Laboratory notebooks
- Patents and company records
- Contemporary reports
- Reference profile for Thomas Edison
Further Reading
- Edison - Edmund Morris
- Empires of Light - Jill Jonnes
FAQ
Frequently asked questions about Thomas Edison.
Who was Thomas Edison?
Thomas Alva Edison was born in 1847 in Milan, Ohio, the youngest of seven children. Scarlet fever in childhood left him increasingly deaf, a limitation he later claimed helped him concentrate. He began as a telegraph operator, learning the technology that would shape his early inventions: the stock ticker, the quadruplex telegraph that sent four messages simultaneously over a single wire. In 1876, he established the world's first industrial research laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, an 'invention factory' where teams of craftsmen, machinists, and experimenters worked under his direction. The phonograph came first, astonishing the world in 1877 with a machine that recorded and replayed sound. Then came the electric light, not just the bulb, which required testing thousands of materials for filaments, but the entire system: generators, distribution networks, insulation, switches, meters. Edison understood that a bulb without infrastructure was worthless.
What was Thomas Edison best known for?
Edison is best known as a scientist. American inventor–entrepreneur who industrialized invention, advancing electric power, recorded sound, and motion pictures.
When did Thomas Edison live?
Edison lived 1847-1931 CE, born in 1847 and died in 1931, during the modern period.
Can I chat with an AI version of Thomas Edison?
Yes, free. Anyone can ask Edison, and a first question needs no account. Every answer is a Simulation in character, grounded in Edison’s real life, work and era. A good first question is: "I have an idea but don't know if it will work, how do I test it cheaply?"
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- R&D Process: From idea to evidence to industry
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“Thomas Edison.” HistorIQly. https://historiqly.com/ai-historical-figures/thomas-edison/
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