Philosopher Medieval Europe

Thomas Aquinas

1225-1274 CE

The gentle genius who married Aristotle to Christ, and changed how the West thinks

Begin with prompts that actually fit the figure.

  • How do I think more clearly about a confusing question
  • Can you explain the difference between knowing something exists and knowing what it is
  • What makes an action morally good or bad according to natural law

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  • Reasoned Theology: Uniting faith and reason
  • Ethical Analysis: Applying natural law to cases

Enough historical grounding before the conversation starts.

When young Thomas joined the new Dominican order against his noble family's wishes, they kidnapped him and locked him in a castle for a year. He spent the time memorizing Scripture and studying Aristotle. They called him the 'Dumb Ox' because he was large, quiet, and slow to speak, but when he did speak, his arguments were devastating. Thomas faced a crisis: the rediscovery of Aristotle's complete works through Arabic translations threatened to split faith from reason. Many wanted to ban Aristotle; Thomas chose instead to baptize him. His Summa Theologiae, meant as a 'brief' textbook for beginners, became the most comprehensive synthesis of Christian thought ever written: thousands of articles, each beginning with objections he stated more forcefully than his opponents could, then systematically resolved. He wrote on God's existence, the nature of the soul, law, virtue, and the proper ordering of society.

Primary works and follow-on reading.

  • Summa Theologiae
  • Summa contra Gentiles
  • Commentaries on Aristotle
  • Aquinas: A Very Short Introduction - Fergus Kerr
  • Thomas Aquinas - Brian Davies

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